Disorders of gastrointestinal (GI) motility are associated with various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. However, the underlying causes of impaired GI motility remain unclear, which has led to variation in the efficacy of therapies to treat GI dysfunction. Optogenetics is a novel approach through which target cells can be precisely controlled by light and has shown great potential in GI motility research. Here, we summarized recent studies of GI motility patterns utilizing optogenetic devices and focused on the ability of opsins, which are genetically expressed in different types of cells in the gut, to regulate the excitability of target cells. We hope that our review of recent findings regarding optogenetic control of GI cells broadens the scope of application for optogenetics in GI motility studies.

随着 5G的移动互联及物联网相交织等新型业务的蓬勃发展, 对未来通信系统传输容量、传输速度以及误码率等要求愈来愈高。介于毫米波与远红外光之间的太赫兹频段兼有微波和光波的特性, 具有低量子能量、大带宽、良好的穿透性。近年来太赫兹通信系统成为研究热点之一, 但太赫兹无线通信存在视距传播以及较大路径损耗缺点, 太赫兹无线和有线融合传输则兼具两者优点。本文分析了光子太赫兹信号产生、光子太赫兹无线链路传输和光子太赫兹光纤链路传输过程中涉及的器件和技术, 重点介绍了太赫兹有线传输的研究现状, 并通过基于强度调制直接检测实现 1.485 GBaud 350 GHz的 1m太赫兹光纤有线实时传输视频实验, 展现了太赫兹有线传输巨大的发展潜力。